DUYGU KARADUMAN TOPAL/ÇAKIRBEYLİ SECONDARY SCHOOL/TUANA/ FOREST

 

FOREST FIRE

 

       Forest fire is the partial or complete burning of forests by fires caused by natural or human causes. There are fires caused by natural causes such as lightning strikes, volcanic eruptions and high temperatures, and man-made fires caused by cigarettes and agricultural products. The burning of forests causes many ecological damages, climate change and drought are the main consequences of this.

MEASURES
Some of the things we need to do to protect forests against fires
 Glass and broken glass should not be thrown into forests. (Glass attracts sunlight to the grass like a magnifying glass. The grass will ignite, causing the grass to ignite, thus creating a fire.)
• Grill ashes should not be poured before extinguishing. Because grass has the potential to catch fire.
• When we see a fire, we should call the 112 emergency number.
• Public awareness should be raised by officials and environmental organizations, and seminars and conferences should be organized on this subject.
• We should not light a fire in the forest, if we have to, we should put a stone around the fire in a grassless area.
Ranking of the causes of forest fires caused by neglect, carelessness and natural causes
1. To light a fire in the forest without taking any safety precautions.
2. Leaving the fire without extinguishing it. Leaving the fire, especially for barbecue, without extinguishing.
3. Throwing unlit cigarette butts and matches on the ground.
4. Burning weeds or field stubble in the forest or in adjacent fields.
5. Wandering through the woods with fire for illumination at night.
6. Leaving glass and shards in the forest, sunlight reflecting off the glass and burning the grass.
7. Children playing with fire in the forest.
8. Making something with fire in the forest for entertainment or show, making a fire.
9. Planting cypress-like tall trees on hilly places, resulting in the tree being burned by lightning, and the fire spreading by leaps.
10. It consists of bulleted guns thrown into the air.
11. Extreme temperatures and the effects of climate change
Intentional forest fires
 Fires set in the forest to hide unlawful deeds.
1. To drive away wild animals.
2. To generate income.
3. Burning the forest in order to enlarge the field or clearing the field, or the fire getting out of control when you burn the forest for this reason.
Extinguishing Fires
    Forest fire extinguishing depends on the technologies available in the area where the forest fire occurred. Techniques used in less developed countries may be as simple as throwing sand or beating the fire with sticks or palm leaves. In more developed countries, suppression methods change due to increased technological capacity. Silver iodide can be used to encourage snowfall, fire retardants and can be thrown on fires with watercraft, airplanes and helicopters. Complete suppression of fire is no longer an expectation, but most wildfires are usually extinguished before they get out of control. Although more than 99% of 10,000 new forest fires are contained each year, it is difficult to suppress escaping wildfires in extreme weather conditions without a change in weather conditions. Wildfires in Canada and the United States burn an average of 54,500 square kilometers (13,000,000 acres) per year. First of all, fighting wildfires can be deadly. The burning front of a forest fire can also change direction unexpectedly and the fire can spread between them. Intense heat and smoke can cause disorientation and sense of direction of fire, which can make fires particularly dangerous. For example, three smoker in America were surprised when they lost their communication link, they were seized by fire and died during the 1949 Mann Gulch fire in Montana in the United States, ten. In the February 2009 Victorian bushfires in Australia, at least 173 people were killed and more than 2,029 homes and 3,500 structures were lost when engulfed by the bushfire.
wildfire suppression costs
    In California, the US Forest Service spends approximately $200 million annually to suppress 98% of wildfires, and up to $1 billion to suppress the other 2% of fires that do not go out and grow in first responders.[9] While costs vary wildly from year to year depending on the severity of each fire season, in the United States, local, state, federal, and tribal agencies collectively spend tens of billions of dollars annually to suppress wildfires.

 

 

                                   

 

 

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